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Getting into the groove: opportunities to enhance the ecological value of hard coastal infrastructure using fine-scale surface textures

机译：深入探讨：利用精细的表面纹理提升硬海岸基础设施的生态价值的机会

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Concrete flood defences, erosion control structures, port and harbour facilities, and renewable energy infrastructure are increasingly being built in the world’s coastal regions. There is, however, strong evidence to suggest that these structures are poor surrogates for natural rocky shores, often supporting assemblages with lower species abundance and diversity. Ecological engineering opportunities to enhance structures for biodiversity conservation (and other management goals) are therefore being sought, but the majority of work so far has concentrated on structural design features at the centimetre–meter scale.\ud\udWe deployed concrete tiles with four easily-reproducible fine-scale (millimetre) textures (control, smoothed, grooved and exposed aggregate) in the intertidal zone to test opportunities for facilitating colonisation by a dominant ecosystem engineer (barnacles) relative to natural rock. Concrete texture had a significant effect on colonisation; smoothed tiles supported significantly fewer numbers of barnacles, and those with intermediate roughness (grooved concrete) significantly greater numbers, after one settlement season.\ud\udThe successful recruitment of early colonists is a critical stage in the development of more complex and diverse macrobenthic assemblages, especially those that provide physical habitat structure for other species. Our observations show that this can be facilitated relatively simply for barnacles on marine concrete by manipulating surface heterogeneity at a millimetre scale. Alongside other larger-scale manipulation (e.g. creating holes and pools), including fine-scale habitat heterogeneity in engineering designs can support international efforts to maximise the ecological value of marine urban infrastructure.
机译：在世界沿海地区，越来越多地建设混凝土防洪设施，侵蚀控制结构，港口和港口设施以及可再生能源基础设施。但是，有强有力的证据表明，这些结构对于天然多岩石的海岸来说是不良的替代物，通常以较低的物种丰度和多样性来支持这些组合。因此，正在寻求生态工程方面的机会来增强生物多样性保护的结构（以及其他管理目标），但是到目前为止，大部分工作都集中在厘米级的结构设计特征上。 -潮间带可再现的精细尺度（毫米）纹理（控制，平滑，开槽和裸露的骨料），以测试有利于占主导地位的生态系统工程师（藤壶）相对于天然岩石定居的机会。混凝土质地对殖民化有重要影响；在一个定居季节后，平滑砖支撑的藤壶数量显着减少，而具有中等粗糙度（开槽的混凝土）的藤壶数量则显着增加。 ，尤其是那些为其他物种提供物理栖息地结构的物种。我们的观察结果表明，通过操纵毫米级的表面异质性，可以相对简单地简化海洋混凝土上的藤壶。除了其他大规模操作（例如创建孔洞和水池）外，工程设计中还包括精细的栖息地异质性，可以支持国际合作以最大程度地提高海洋城市基础设施的生态价值。

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